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Australian Alcohol Guidelines

Australian Alcohol Guidelines

Australia’s guidelines to reduce risks from drinking alcohol

The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) have produced the Australian Alcohol Guidelines to provide information about the health risks from alcohol and share advice on how you can keep your risks low. They are based on the best available medical evidence. 

Reducing your alcohol use reduces your risk of cancer.

You can read more about the guidelines and the evidence behind them below. You can also learn more about them on the NHMRC’s website. 

Guideline for healthy adults

There is no safe level of alcohol use. The evidence shows that the less you drink, the lower your risk of harm from alcohol. If you drink alcohol, these guidelines can help you make an informed decision about the amount of alcohol you drink. 

The Australian Alcohol Guidelines advise that healthy adults should have no more than 10 standard alcoholic drinks a week to reduce their risk of developing cancer and other diseases.  

Healthy adults should also have no more than 4 standard drinks on any one day to reduce their risk of an injury from alcohol use.  

If you drink, have no more than 10 standard drinks a week and no more than 4 standard drinks on any one day to reduce your risk of diseases and injury.

If you drink alcohol, sticking to this guideline will keep your risk of harm from alcohol low. But it is important to know it will not remove your risk entirely. Healthy adults who drink alcohol within this guideline have less than a 1 in 100 chance of dying from a disease or injury caused by alcohol, but not no risk. 

What is a standard drink?

A standard drink equates to 10 grams of pure alcohol. You can learn more about standard drinks, and see how your pour lines up, on our website. 

What is behind this guideline

The guideline for healthy adults is based on evidence of the following:  

  • Drinking alcohol increases the risk of many types of cancer, including bowel and breast cancer. Even drinking at low levels increases cancer risk, but the more a person drinks, the greater their cancer risk.  
  • Alcohol can cause high blood pressure, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
  • Alcohol can damage the liver and cause liver disease.  
  • Drinking alcohol can cause or worsen mental health problems. 
  • People are more likely to be injured or hurt other people when using alcohol, including through car accidents, falls or assaults.  

For some adults, drinking alcohol involves higher risks

It is important to know that everyone is different, and some people are at higher risk for alcohol-caused disease or injury. Some of these higher risks include: 

  • For people aged 18-25 years, drinking alcohol can impact brain development. People’s brains are still developing until around 25 years of age. Injuries from alcohol are also more common in this age group.  
  • People older than 60 years are less able to process alcohol. They are also more likely to have a chronic condition, which alcohol can make worse.  
  • People with a family history of an alcohol use disorder may have a higher risk of developing an alcohol use disorder themselves.  
  • People who take medicine or use illicit drugs can be at risk of serious harm if alcohol alters the effect of the medicine or drug, or vice versa. 
  • People with health conditions, such as liver disease, hepatitis B and C, epilepsy, obesity or mental health conditions, which alcohol can make worse.  
  • Women are more affected by alcohol than men. At low levels of drinking (within the guideline for healthy adults), this only makes a small difference to women’s risk of diseases from alcohol compared to men. However, women drinking at higher levels are at greater risk of diseases from alcohol compared to men drinking at the same levels.  
  • Men are more at risk than women of short-term harms from alcohol, including road crashes, falls and self-harm. 

Guideline if you are pregnant or planning a pregnancy

The Australian Alcohol Guidelines advise that if you are pregnant or planning a pregnancy, you should not drink any alcohol to prevent the risk of damage to the developing baby, and negative effects to your health. 

If you are pregnant or planning a pregnancy, you should not drink alcohol.

The guideline for when pregnant or planning a pregnancy is based on evidence of the following:  

  • If alcohol is consumed during pregnancy, the developing baby also consumes the alcohol. The developing baby’s blood gets about the same level of alcohol as the blood of the person consuming the alcohol.  
  • A developing baby’s brain starts growing very early in pregnancy, often before knowledge of the pregnancy.  
  • Drinking alcohol in pregnancy can damage the baby’s brain which can cause Fetal Alcohol Spectrum disorder (FASD). FASD leads to many lifelong problems including learning and behavioural challenges. 
  • The risk of damage to the developing baby increases the more often alcohol is consumed, and the larger the amount consumed.  
  • This does not mean the developing baby will always be damaged if alcohol is consumed during pregnant. Every pregnancy is different and there are a range of factors that influence the risk for the developing baby.  

Supporting alcohol-free pregnancy

Most people don’t know the moment they become pregnant. So, if you’re planning a pregnancy, it is important to stop drinking alcohol as soon as you start trying. 

Guideline if you are breastfeeding

The Australian Alcohol Guidelines advise that if you are breastfeeding, not drinking alcohol is safest for your baby.  

If you are breastfeeding, not drinking alcohol is safest for your baby.

This guideline for when breastfeeding is based on evidence of the following:  

  • If alcohol is consumed when breastfeeding, the alcohol crosses into the breastmilk.  
  • If the baby is breastfed while there is still alcohol in the breastmilk, the baby also drinks the alcohol.  
  • This can cause the baby to have problems feeding and sleeping.  
  • A baby’s brain keeps developing after it is born. This means a baby’s brain is more sensitive to damage from alcohol than an adult brain.  

Alcohol-free breastfeeding is safest

When breastfeeding, ensuring your breast milk is alcohol-free is safest for the health of your baby. If you do drink alcohol, there are strategies you can use to ensure your baby does not drink breastmilk containing alcohol.

Guideline for children and young people under 18

The Australian Alcohol Guidelines advise that children and people under 18 years of age should not have any alcohol, to reduce their risk of injury and other harms to their health.  

Alcohol can affect children’s and young people’s brain development and is more likely to cause them harm. There is no safe level of drinking for children and people under 18.  

Children and people under 18 years of age should not drink alcohol.

The guideline for children and young people is based on evidence of the following:  

  • People under 18 are more sensitive to alcohol, which can affect their brain development. People’s brains are still developing until around 25 years of age.  
  • Alcohol increases risk-taking behaviour, and can lead to unsafe sex, car accidents, injuries and assaults.  
  • Alcohol can make mental health problems worse and increase the risk of self-harm and suicide. 
  • Alcohol use at a young age increases the risk of problems with alcohol in early adulthood. 

Young people and alcohol

It’s important to do what we can to keep children and young people healthy and safe. Find out some strategies for talking with children and young people about alcohol use and harm. 

Need advice or support?

To find a local GP, you can call 1800 022 222 or visit healthdirect.gov.au. To find a local psychologist, visit psychology.org.au/find-a-psychologist. If you need other support to reduce your drinking, you can contact the National Alcohol and Other Drug Hotline on 1800 250 015.

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